1) What is active directory?
Active directory authorizes and authenticates all users and computers in a window domain network, ensuring the security of the computer and software. Through active directory various functions can be managed like creating admin users, connecting to printers or external hard drives.
2) What is DHCP and what it is used for?
DHCP stands for dynamic host configuration protocol. It is used to allocate IP addresses to a large number of the computer system in a network. It helps in managing the large number of IP’s very easily.
3) What is scope and super scope?
Scope consists of an IP address like gateway IP, subnet mask, DNS server IP. It can be used to communicate with the other PCs in the network. The superscope becomes when you combine two or more scopes together.
4) What is DNS?
DNS mean Domain Naming Service and it is used for resolving IP addresses to name and names to IP address. DNS is like a translator for computers, computers understand the number and not the alphabet. For example, if we type like hotmail.com, the computer don’t understand this so they use DNS which converts (hotmail.com) into (numbers) and then executes the command.
5) What is forward and reverse lookup in DNS?
When we convert IP address into names is called Reverse lookup, while converting names into IP address is called Forward lookup.
6) What is ‘A’ record and what is ‘MX record’?
‘A’ record is also known as host record, and it has ability to map the IP address by name. It is with this record that DNS can find out the IP address of a name. While, ‘MX record’ also known as mail exchanger record, by the help of ‘MX’ record, location of the mail server is identified. The record is also found in DNS.
7) What is IPCONFIG command?
IPCONFIG command is used to display the IP information of the computer assigned like DNS IP address and gateway IP address.
8) What would you use to connect two computers without using switches?
Cross cables are used to connect two computers without using switches.
9) What is a domain?
Domain is a set of computers which network recognizes by the internet. It can be used by centrally administer computers. It is created when you install active directory.
10) Tell me if your system is infected by a virus how you will recover the data?
You need to re-install another system, latest anti-virus software and an O.S with latest patches. Before you start your system, connect the infected HDD as a secondary drive then scan and clean the infected hard drive. Once done, you can copy the files into the system.
11) What is the operating system?
Operating system acts as an interpreter between computer application and hardware. It works as an user interface.
12) What are the types of operating system or O.S?
The two types of operating systems are:
RAS means Remote Access Server. It allows operating the tool or information that typically resides on a network or IT devices through combination of hardware and software, for example connecting to printer or file. It is usually used for mobile users who are in the network. It uses telephone line to provide connectivity to its users. It can also connect two or more than two offices in the network.
14) Explain about VPN server?
VPN means Virtual Private Network. It is a private communications network often used by companies or organizations to communicate confidentially over a public network. This is used by the mobile users in the network.
15) What is the difference between RAS and VPN server?
RAS is truly a local area connection between two connections whereas, VPN is a local connection spread over large area.
16) What is IAS server?
IAS means Internet Authentication Service. For many types of network access like wireless, authenticating switch and remote access dial-up they perform accounting and auditing, centralized connection authentication and authorization.
17) What is Ping command?
Between two or more devices, to check the physical IP connectivity Ping command is used.
18) What do you mean by clustering? What are the benefits?
When one or more computers work together as a single system by sharing their resources is known as clustering. The benefits of clustering are that it reduces the load on one single system by sharing the load also it is used for redundancy of the services.
19) What is a group?
Group is a collection of the user account. It provides the simplified administration in the network.
20) What is a child domain?
A child domain is the member domain of Windows 2000 Active Directory.
21) What are the benefits of a child domain?
Benefits of child domain are:
OU means for Organizational Unit. It is a container within Active Directory which can hold users, groups and computers. It is the smallest unit on which administrator can assign group policy settings.
23) Explain group policy?
Group policy provides the stream line access to all the users in the network, it can be used to define the users security and networking policies. By group policy you can keep control over certain function like not allowing the users to shut down the system or using the control panel or running the command. Group policy is applicable on active directory container like OU, site and Domain.
24) What is the difference between permission, rights and policy?
“Policy” is assigned on active directory, like site, domain and OU. The “Rights” are assign to users and groups, whereas, the “Permission” is assigned for network resources like file, folders and printers.
25) What is DC and ADC stands for?
DC stands for domain controller and ADC stands for additional domain controller.
ADC is a backup of domain controller. Domain controller is a server that checks the security measures like user id, password.
26) What is the difference between DC (Domain controller) and ADC ( Additional Domain Controller)?
There is one difference between domain controller and additional domain controller, on DC all five operational roles are available while in ADC only three operational role is available.27) What are the operational roles for DC (Domain controller) and ADC ( Additional Domain Controller)?
Operational roles for DC (Domain controller) are:
Default gateway is the IP address of the router in the network. In any case, if the users wants to switch on to another network, or if they cannot locate their particular network than their query will be forwarded to default gateway.
29) How you can take backup of emails in ms outlook?
To take a back-up in the ms outlook, you have to go in control panel. In control panel you have to go under mail option and then open the data file, select personal folder and click on open folder. After that, you have to copy .pst and have to paste it wherever you want the backup.
30) What is trusting domain and trusted domain?
In trusting domain resources are available, while in trusted domain user’s account is available.
31) What is BUS speed?
The rate of communication speed between microprocessor and RAM is known as BUS speed.
32) Name the Active Directory Partitions?
There are three types of active directory partitions
Fixboot write a new partition boot sector on to the system partition.
34) How many logical drive is it possible to fit on to a physical disk?
The maximum number of the logical drive that can fit on a physical disk is 24, while the extended partition can only have 23 logical drives.
35) What is B Router?
B router means Bridge router. To provide communication between two or more different network like computer to computer or computer to internet, B Router is used.
36) What is the major difference you can mention about Gateway and Router?
Gateway works on different network architecture and router works on same network architecture.
37) What is packet?
A packet is a logical grouping of information that comprises a header which contains user data and location information.
38) What is SCSI?
SCSI stands for Small Computer System Interface. It is a standard electronic interface that allows personal computers to communicate with peripheral hardware such as disk drives, tape drives, printers, CD-ROM drives. In “SCSI” the rate of data transmission is fast.
39) How many classes are there for “IP addresses” and what are the ranges?
They are segregated into five classes
FIXMBR it is a repair tool. It repairs the Master boot record of the Partition Boot Sector.
41) Explain the term SID?
SID stands for Security Identifier. Every computer object has a unique ID which is known as SID.
42) What is the difference between incremental backup and differential backup?
In incremental backup only incremental parts are backup and not the full back up, while in differential backup we take full back up after the normal backup.
43) What is the difference between server OS and desktop OS?
Server OS gives centralized administration for users, shared resources and security while desktop OS gives access to only local administration.
44) What is the difference between the MSI file and .EXE file?
MSI (Microsoft Installer) allows install, uninstall and repair the program with a single file, while .EXE file needs two files to install and uninstall the software. Also,.EXE file is able to detect the existing version of the software and give option to user to uninstall the program while MSI will instruct the users to use the add and remove program in control panel to remove the existing product first and then you can install the new program.
45) What is BSOD? How do you troubleshoot it?
BSOD stands for blue screen of death. When there is some fault in OS or hardware then Windows can’t run the program and gives a blue screen with a code. To resolve this problem the best way is to reboot the system. If it doesn’t work than boot the system in the safe mode.
46) What is PTR (Program Troube Record) record?
This program record is used to check if the server name is connected with the IP address, it is exactly opposite to the ‘A’ record. This record is basically created in reverse lookup zone, so it is also known as Reverse DNS records or pointer record.
PTR record= Give me an IP address and I will give you the name
‘A’ record= Give me the name and I will give you the IP address
47) What is reservation?
Basically the term “Reservation” is used in DHCP server. Some network equipment or computer system needs a specific IP address, in such case we make a reservation in DHCP server for that particular computer system. By creating reservation it gives access to that particular IP address and at the same time prevents other computer system to use that IP address.
48) What is SMTP server or POP server?
SMTP stands for simple mail transfer protocol. It is basically used for sending and receiving the mail, whereas, POP stands for post office protocol it is used for mail receiving purpose in the network.
49) What is RIS and why you use RIS?
RIS stands for remote installation services. It is used to install image from a Window server to a new hardware. We use RIS because installing OS every time using a CD would be more time consuming.
50) What is “Bootloader”?
Bootloader facilitates the loading of operating system on the system. It enables the booting process and gives OS option to the users while starting the system.
51) Which Windows OS are you most comfortable with?
This is a very basic question and you can prepare your answer by researching which OS version is used by the company you’re applying in. Be sure to do a little reading on the systems you are familiar with, so you can showcase your skills.
52) Why do we use DHCP?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is us to assign dynamic IP addresses to network devices, allowing them to have a different IP address each time they are connected to the network.
53) What is DNS and why do we use it on workstations?
The Domain Name System (DNS) is used to resolve human-readable hostnames like www.intenseschool.com into machine-readable IP addresses like 69.143.201.22. The DNS address is configured on workstations. Windows redirects all domain names to resolve into IP addresses.
54) What is a default gateway? What happens if I don’t have one?
A default gateway is a routing device used to forward all traffic that is not addressed to a destination within the local network or local subnet. If you don’t have a default gateway, it is not possible to communicate with the network device/host of different networks. Dial-up internet connections do not require a default gateway though because it is present in the ISP itself.
55) How do I find the path that a packet takes to its destination?
Using “tracert” command lets you see the path travelled by a packet to its destination.
56) What is the use of Safe Mode? When should we use it in Windows?
Often, we have to start Windows in Safe Mode in order to remove spyware or for troubleshooting driver problems and other diagnostic purposes. Only specific programs and files with limited driver support are needed to run the operating system. This will allow you to attempt to remove viruses, change bad drivers and perform other diagnostic tasks that cannot be done in Normal Mode.
57) How do I start in Safe Mode?
Method 1: Reboot the computer. Start pressing the F8 key as soon as your system starts to boot. This will open multiple boot options including Safe Mode.
Method 2: Open Run, type “msconfig” and press Enter. A system configuration window will pop up; now go to the Boot tab, check the “Safe boot” box and select “Minimal” for a typical safe boot. Click Apply and your computer will boot into Safe Mode the next time it restarts.
58) What is the use of the BOOT.ini file?
Boot.ini files are required in booting Windows operating systems, starting with Windows NT. The boot.ini file also provides flexibility for dual booting multiple operating systems on the same computer.
59) How do I edit my Boot.ini?
From Windows:
Open Run, type “msconfig” and press Enter to open System Configuration Utility. Select the tab labelled BOOT.INI. Click the button labelled Check All Boot Paths. A dialog box will open detailing the location of any invalid operating system locations.
60) Which command is used to check IP configuration?
You can use ipconfig /all to display all of the current TCP/IP configuration values, including the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) and DNS configurations.
61)How can I make my hard disk dynamic?
Go to Run then type diskmgmt.msc. After that, right click on hard disk to convert a basic disk to dynamic disk.
Note: You should be logged in with an administrator account.
62) What is the blue screen of death?
A Blue Screen error is mainly due to hardware or software incompatibility within the system. The most common reasons for a Blue Screen of Death (BSD) are unwanted software installation, high CPU usage and faulty RAM. Try the following options.
1. Pull out the RAM card, rub it with rubber on the chip side, and re-insert.
2. If a BSD still occurs, try using that RAM on another system.
3. Every BSD has a unique code; try searching it on Google to find a solution.
63) What are some common sources of computer viruses and how can you prevent being infected?
Some common sources are Internet downloads, email attachments, and infected CDs/DVDs. You can use trusted anti-virus software and update it regularly. Make sure it checks every file on the computer. Backup your system periodically in case a major infection occurs, and be aware of all software and programs that run on your computer. Never click a suspicious link or download a suspicious file.
64) Describe some commonly used LAN cables. What is the maximum length of LAN cable for proper communication?
There are mainly two types:
65)Windows cannot currently check for updates; what could be the possible reasons?
There could be two possible reasons:
Method 2: Please follow the steps below:
a. Go to Run, type “services.msc” without quotes and press Enter.
b. Locate Windows Update.
c. Right click on Service and select Properties.
d. In Start-up type, select Enable.
e. Click Start under Service status.
A public IP address is an IP address that can be accessed over the Internet. Like postal address used to deliver a postal mail to your home, a public IP address is the globally unique IP address assigned to a computing device. Your public IP address can be found at What is my IP Address page. Private IP address on the other hand is used to assign computers within your private space without letting them directly expose to the Internet. For example, if you have multiple computers within your home you may want to use private IP addresses to address each computer within your home. In this scenario, your router get the public IP address, and each of the computers, tablets and smartphones connected to your router (via wired or wifi) get a private IP address from your router via DHCP protocol.
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the organization responsible for registering IP address ranges to organizations and Internet Service Providers (ISPs). To allow organizations to freely assign private IP addresses, the Network Information Center (InterNIC) has reserved certain address blocks for private use. The following IP blocks are reserved for private IP addresses.
When a computer is assigned a private IP address, the local devices sees this computer via it's private IP address. However, the devices residing outside of your local network cannot directly communicate via the private IP address, but uses your router's public IP address to communicate. To allow direct access to a local device which is assigned a private IP address, a Network Address Translator (NAT) should be used.
f. Click OK.
66)What is the SysWOW64 folder?
It is normally found in a 64-bit OS, for example 64bit Win7. This folder is very similar to the system32 folder of the 32-bit OS.
67) What do you mean by NTLDR Error?
NTLDR is known as the Network Loader. It helps in loading the operating system. If any system is showing “NTLDR is missing” then you need to copy the NTLDR file from operating system CD.
Active directory authorizes and authenticates all users and computers in a window domain network, ensuring the security of the computer and software. Through active directory various functions can be managed like creating admin users, connecting to printers or external hard drives.
2) What is DHCP and what it is used for?
DHCP stands for dynamic host configuration protocol. It is used to allocate IP addresses to a large number of the computer system in a network. It helps in managing the large number of IP’s very easily.
3) What is scope and super scope?
Scope consists of an IP address like gateway IP, subnet mask, DNS server IP. It can be used to communicate with the other PCs in the network. The superscope becomes when you combine two or more scopes together.
4) What is DNS?
DNS mean Domain Naming Service and it is used for resolving IP addresses to name and names to IP address. DNS is like a translator for computers, computers understand the number and not the alphabet. For example, if we type like hotmail.com, the computer don’t understand this so they use DNS which converts (hotmail.com) into (numbers) and then executes the command.
5) What is forward and reverse lookup in DNS?
When we convert IP address into names is called Reverse lookup, while converting names into IP address is called Forward lookup.
Desktop Support
‘A’ record is also known as host record, and it has ability to map the IP address by name. It is with this record that DNS can find out the IP address of a name. While, ‘MX record’ also known as mail exchanger record, by the help of ‘MX’ record, location of the mail server is identified. The record is also found in DNS.
7) What is IPCONFIG command?
IPCONFIG command is used to display the IP information of the computer assigned like DNS IP address and gateway IP address.
8) What would you use to connect two computers without using switches?
Cross cables are used to connect two computers without using switches.
9) What is a domain?
Domain is a set of computers which network recognizes by the internet. It can be used by centrally administer computers. It is created when you install active directory.
10) Tell me if your system is infected by a virus how you will recover the data?
You need to re-install another system, latest anti-virus software and an O.S with latest patches. Before you start your system, connect the infected HDD as a secondary drive then scan and clean the infected hard drive. Once done, you can copy the files into the system.
11) What is the operating system?
Operating system acts as an interpreter between computer application and hardware. It works as an user interface.
12) What are the types of operating system or O.S?
The two types of operating systems are:
- NOS : Network Operating System. Examples of NOS- Windows NT, 2000,2003
- SOS : Simple Operating System. Examples of SOS – Windows 95,98, ME
RAS means Remote Access Server. It allows operating the tool or information that typically resides on a network or IT devices through combination of hardware and software, for example connecting to printer or file. It is usually used for mobile users who are in the network. It uses telephone line to provide connectivity to its users. It can also connect two or more than two offices in the network.
14) Explain about VPN server?
VPN means Virtual Private Network. It is a private communications network often used by companies or organizations to communicate confidentially over a public network. This is used by the mobile users in the network.
15) What is the difference between RAS and VPN server?
RAS is truly a local area connection between two connections whereas, VPN is a local connection spread over large area.
16) What is IAS server?
IAS means Internet Authentication Service. For many types of network access like wireless, authenticating switch and remote access dial-up they perform accounting and auditing, centralized connection authentication and authorization.
17) What is Ping command?
Between two or more devices, to check the physical IP connectivity Ping command is used.
18) What do you mean by clustering? What are the benefits?
When one or more computers work together as a single system by sharing their resources is known as clustering. The benefits of clustering are that it reduces the load on one single system by sharing the load also it is used for redundancy of the services.
19) What is a group?
Group is a collection of the user account. It provides the simplified administration in the network.
20) What is a child domain?
A child domain is the member domain of Windows 2000 Active Directory.
21) What are the benefits of a child domain?
Benefits of child domain are:
- Low network traffic
- Low administrative overhead
- Security boundary
OU means for Organizational Unit. It is a container within Active Directory which can hold users, groups and computers. It is the smallest unit on which administrator can assign group policy settings.
23) Explain group policy?
Group policy provides the stream line access to all the users in the network, it can be used to define the users security and networking policies. By group policy you can keep control over certain function like not allowing the users to shut down the system or using the control panel or running the command. Group policy is applicable on active directory container like OU, site and Domain.
24) What is the difference between permission, rights and policy?
“Policy” is assigned on active directory, like site, domain and OU. The “Rights” are assign to users and groups, whereas, the “Permission” is assigned for network resources like file, folders and printers.
25) What is DC and ADC stands for?
DC stands for domain controller and ADC stands for additional domain controller.
ADC is a backup of domain controller. Domain controller is a server that checks the security measures like user id, password.
26) What is the difference between DC (Domain controller) and ADC ( Additional Domain Controller)?
There is one difference between domain controller and additional domain controller, on DC all five operational roles are available while in ADC only three operational role is available.27) What are the operational roles for DC (Domain controller) and ADC ( Additional Domain Controller)?
Operational roles for DC (Domain controller) are:
- Domain Naming Master
- Schema Master
- RID Master
- PDC Emulator
- Infrastructure Master
- PDC Emulator
- RID Master
- Infrastructure Master
Default gateway is the IP address of the router in the network. In any case, if the users wants to switch on to another network, or if they cannot locate their particular network than their query will be forwarded to default gateway.
29) How you can take backup of emails in ms outlook?
To take a back-up in the ms outlook, you have to go in control panel. In control panel you have to go under mail option and then open the data file, select personal folder and click on open folder. After that, you have to copy .pst and have to paste it wherever you want the backup.
30) What is trusting domain and trusted domain?
In trusting domain resources are available, while in trusted domain user’s account is available.
31) What is BUS speed?
The rate of communication speed between microprocessor and RAM is known as BUS speed.
32) Name the Active Directory Partitions?
There are three types of active directory partitions
- Schema partition
- Configuration partition
- Domain partition
Fixboot write a new partition boot sector on to the system partition.
34) How many logical drive is it possible to fit on to a physical disk?
The maximum number of the logical drive that can fit on a physical disk is 24, while the extended partition can only have 23 logical drives.
35) What is B Router?
B router means Bridge router. To provide communication between two or more different network like computer to computer or computer to internet, B Router is used.
36) What is the major difference you can mention about Gateway and Router?
Gateway works on different network architecture and router works on same network architecture.
37) What is packet?
A packet is a logical grouping of information that comprises a header which contains user data and location information.
38) What is SCSI?
SCSI stands for Small Computer System Interface. It is a standard electronic interface that allows personal computers to communicate with peripheral hardware such as disk drives, tape drives, printers, CD-ROM drives. In “SCSI” the rate of data transmission is fast.
39) How many classes are there for “IP addresses” and what are the ranges?
They are segregated into five classes
- Class A === 0 -126 ( 127 is reserved for loop back)
- Class B ==== 128- 191
- Class C ==== 192-223
- Class D ==== 224-239
- Class E ==== 240-255
FIXMBR it is a repair tool. It repairs the Master boot record of the Partition Boot Sector.
41) Explain the term SID?
SID stands for Security Identifier. Every computer object has a unique ID which is known as SID.
42) What is the difference between incremental backup and differential backup?
In incremental backup only incremental parts are backup and not the full back up, while in differential backup we take full back up after the normal backup.
43) What is the difference between server OS and desktop OS?
Server OS gives centralized administration for users, shared resources and security while desktop OS gives access to only local administration.
44) What is the difference between the MSI file and .EXE file?
MSI (Microsoft Installer) allows install, uninstall and repair the program with a single file, while .EXE file needs two files to install and uninstall the software. Also,.EXE file is able to detect the existing version of the software and give option to user to uninstall the program while MSI will instruct the users to use the add and remove program in control panel to remove the existing product first and then you can install the new program.
45) What is BSOD? How do you troubleshoot it?
BSOD stands for blue screen of death. When there is some fault in OS or hardware then Windows can’t run the program and gives a blue screen with a code. To resolve this problem the best way is to reboot the system. If it doesn’t work than boot the system in the safe mode.
46) What is PTR (Program Troube Record) record?
This program record is used to check if the server name is connected with the IP address, it is exactly opposite to the ‘A’ record. This record is basically created in reverse lookup zone, so it is also known as Reverse DNS records or pointer record.
PTR record= Give me an IP address and I will give you the name
‘A’ record= Give me the name and I will give you the IP address
47) What is reservation?
Basically the term “Reservation” is used in DHCP server. Some network equipment or computer system needs a specific IP address, in such case we make a reservation in DHCP server for that particular computer system. By creating reservation it gives access to that particular IP address and at the same time prevents other computer system to use that IP address.
48) What is SMTP server or POP server?
SMTP stands for simple mail transfer protocol. It is basically used for sending and receiving the mail, whereas, POP stands for post office protocol it is used for mail receiving purpose in the network.
49) What is RIS and why you use RIS?
RIS stands for remote installation services. It is used to install image from a Window server to a new hardware. We use RIS because installing OS every time using a CD would be more time consuming.
50) What is “Bootloader”?
Bootloader facilitates the loading of operating system on the system. It enables the booting process and gives OS option to the users while starting the system.
51) Which Windows OS are you most comfortable with?
This is a very basic question and you can prepare your answer by researching which OS version is used by the company you’re applying in. Be sure to do a little reading on the systems you are familiar with, so you can showcase your skills.
52) Why do we use DHCP?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is us to assign dynamic IP addresses to network devices, allowing them to have a different IP address each time they are connected to the network.
53) What is DNS and why do we use it on workstations?
The Domain Name System (DNS) is used to resolve human-readable hostnames like www.intenseschool.com into machine-readable IP addresses like 69.143.201.22. The DNS address is configured on workstations. Windows redirects all domain names to resolve into IP addresses.
54) What is a default gateway? What happens if I don’t have one?
A default gateway is a routing device used to forward all traffic that is not addressed to a destination within the local network or local subnet. If you don’t have a default gateway, it is not possible to communicate with the network device/host of different networks. Dial-up internet connections do not require a default gateway though because it is present in the ISP itself.
55) How do I find the path that a packet takes to its destination?
Using “tracert” command lets you see the path travelled by a packet to its destination.
56) What is the use of Safe Mode? When should we use it in Windows?
Often, we have to start Windows in Safe Mode in order to remove spyware or for troubleshooting driver problems and other diagnostic purposes. Only specific programs and files with limited driver support are needed to run the operating system. This will allow you to attempt to remove viruses, change bad drivers and perform other diagnostic tasks that cannot be done in Normal Mode.
57) How do I start in Safe Mode?
Method 1: Reboot the computer. Start pressing the F8 key as soon as your system starts to boot. This will open multiple boot options including Safe Mode.
Method 2: Open Run, type “msconfig” and press Enter. A system configuration window will pop up; now go to the Boot tab, check the “Safe boot” box and select “Minimal” for a typical safe boot. Click Apply and your computer will boot into Safe Mode the next time it restarts.
58) What is the use of the BOOT.ini file?
Boot.ini files are required in booting Windows operating systems, starting with Windows NT. The boot.ini file also provides flexibility for dual booting multiple operating systems on the same computer.
59) How do I edit my Boot.ini?
From Windows:
Open Run, type “msconfig” and press Enter to open System Configuration Utility. Select the tab labelled BOOT.INI. Click the button labelled Check All Boot Paths. A dialog box will open detailing the location of any invalid operating system locations.
60) Which command is used to check IP configuration?
You can use ipconfig /all to display all of the current TCP/IP configuration values, including the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) and DNS configurations.
61)How can I make my hard disk dynamic?
Go to Run then type diskmgmt.msc. After that, right click on hard disk to convert a basic disk to dynamic disk.
Note: You should be logged in with an administrator account.
62) What is the blue screen of death?
A Blue Screen error is mainly due to hardware or software incompatibility within the system. The most common reasons for a Blue Screen of Death (BSD) are unwanted software installation, high CPU usage and faulty RAM. Try the following options.
1. Pull out the RAM card, rub it with rubber on the chip side, and re-insert.
2. If a BSD still occurs, try using that RAM on another system.
3. Every BSD has a unique code; try searching it on Google to find a solution.
63) What are some common sources of computer viruses and how can you prevent being infected?
Some common sources are Internet downloads, email attachments, and infected CDs/DVDs. You can use trusted anti-virus software and update it regularly. Make sure it checks every file on the computer. Backup your system periodically in case a major infection occurs, and be aware of all software and programs that run on your computer. Never click a suspicious link or download a suspicious file.
64) Describe some commonly used LAN cables. What is the maximum length of LAN cable for proper communication?
There are mainly two types:
-
Cat 5 (Category 5 where 5 indicates twists per inch) & Cat 5e (5e indicates 5 twists per inch per pair which leads to reduced cross talk). Both Cat 5 & 5e are UTP cables that can support up to 100 Mbps.
-
Cat 6 & 6e are UTP cables that can support up to 1 Gbps.
65)Windows cannot currently check for updates; what could be the possible reasons?
There could be two possible reasons:
-
Missing/corrupted files
-
Update services down
Method 2: Please follow the steps below:
a. Go to Run, type “services.msc” without quotes and press Enter.
b. Locate Windows Update.
c. Right click on Service and select Properties.
d. In Start-up type, select Enable.
e. Click Start under Service status.
What is the difference between public and private IP address?
A public IP address is an IP address that can be accessed over the Internet. Like postal address used to deliver a postal mail to your home, a public IP address is the globally unique IP address assigned to a computing device. Your public IP address can be found at What is my IP Address page. Private IP address on the other hand is used to assign computers within your private space without letting them directly expose to the Internet. For example, if you have multiple computers within your home you may want to use private IP addresses to address each computer within your home. In this scenario, your router get the public IP address, and each of the computers, tablets and smartphones connected to your router (via wired or wifi) get a private IP address from your router via DHCP protocol.
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the organization responsible for registering IP address ranges to organizations and Internet Service Providers (ISPs). To allow organizations to freely assign private IP addresses, the Network Information Center (InterNIC) has reserved certain address blocks for private use. The following IP blocks are reserved for private IP addresses.
| Class | Starting IP Address | Ending IP Address | # of Hosts |
| A | 10.0.0.0 | 10.255.255.255 | 16,777,216 |
| B | 172.16.0.0 | 172.31.255.255 | 1,048,576 |
| C | 192.168.0.0 | 192.168.255.255 | 65,536 |
What is public IP address?
A public IP address is the address that is assigned to a computing device to allow direct access over the Internet. A web server, email server and any server device directly accessible from the Internet are candidate for a public IP address. A public IP address is globally unique, and can only be assigned to an unique device.What is private IP address?
A private IP address is the address space allocated by InterNIC to allow organizations to create their own private network. There are three IP blocks (1 class A, 1 class B and 1 class C) reserved for a private use. The computers, tablets and smartphones sitting behind your home, and the personal computers within an organizations are usually assigned private IP addresses. A network printer residing in your home is assigned a private address so that only your family can print to your local printer.When a computer is assigned a private IP address, the local devices sees this computer via it's private IP address. However, the devices residing outside of your local network cannot directly communicate via the private IP address, but uses your router's public IP address to communicate. To allow direct access to a local device which is assigned a private IP address, a Network Address Translator (NAT) should be used.
66)What is the SysWOW64 folder?
It is normally found in a 64-bit OS, for example 64bit Win7. This folder is very similar to the system32 folder of the 32-bit OS.
67) What do you mean by NTLDR Error?
NTLDR is known as the Network Loader. It helps in loading the operating system. If any system is showing “NTLDR is missing” then you need to copy the NTLDR file from operating system CD.
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